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1.
Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. (Online) ; 54(1): 81-87, 2017. ilus., tab.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-846777

ABSTRACT

The multidrug resistant and the emergence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from animals, food, and humans are public health concern. These microorganisms produce different toxins related to food poisoning in humans. This study aimed to characterize Staphylococcus spp. isolated from two organic milk farms in Brazil. A total of 259 milk samples were collected, from which 58 (22.4%) Staphylococcus spp. were isolated. The highest sensibility to ceftiofur and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim was observed in 96.6% of Staphylococcus spp., and whereas 89% were resistant to penicillin G. The mecA gene was detected in 13.8% of the isolates. SEA and SEC were the most common enterotoxins detected. PFGE revealed genetic heterogeneity from S. intermedius and S. warneri analyzed, while S. aureus presented similar profiles among isolates from the two studied herds. To the best of our knowledge, the current study describes for the first time presence of enterotoxins, mecA gene, and genetic diversity of staphylococci isolated from organic dairy farms in Brazil.(AU)


A emergência de estafilococos multirresistentes e resistentes à meticilina, isolados de animais, alimentos e humanos é uma preocupação em saúde pública. Esses micro-organismos produzem diferentes toxinas relacionadas à intoxicação alimentar em humanos. Este estudo caracterizou Staphylococcus spp. isolados em duas fazendas orgânicas no Brasil. Foram coletadas 259 amostras de leite em duas propriedades leiteiras orgânicas, nas quais 58 (22,4%) estirpes de Staphylococcus spp. foram isoladas. A maior sensibilidade dos isolados foi observada para ceftiofur e sulfametoxazol/trimetoprim em 96,6%. Em contraste, acima de 89% de resistência dos estafilicocos foi encontrada para penicilina G. O gene mecA foi identificado em 13,8% dos isolados. SEA e SEC foram as enterotoxinas mais comumente detectadas. PFGE revelou heterogeneidade genética entre S. intermedius e S. warneri, enquanto S. aureus demonstraram perfis semelhantes entre isolados dos dois rebanhos estudados. Relata-se pela primeira vez no Brasil a detecção de enterotoxinas, o gene mecA e diversidade genética em estafilococos isolados de vacas em produção orgânica.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral , Food, Organic , Genes, MDR , Milk/microbiology , Staphylococcus/isolation & purification , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Enterotoxins/genetics , Genetic Variation
2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 33(4): 417-422, Apr. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-675816

ABSTRACT

Identification of Escherichia coli requires knowledge regarding the prevalent serotypes and virulence factors profiles allows the classification in pathogenic/non-pathogenic. However, some of these bacteria do not express flagellar antigen invitro. In this case the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) and sequencing of the fliC may be suitable for the identification of antigens by replacing the traditional serology. We studied 17 samples of E. coli isolated from animals and presenting antigen H nontypeable (HNT). The H antigens were characterized by PCR-RFLP and sequencing of fliC gene. Three new flagellin genes were identified, for which specific antisera were obtained. The PCR-RFLP was shown to be faster than the serotyping H antigen in E. coli, provided information on some characteristics of these antigens and indicated the presence of new genes fliC.


A identificação da Escherichia coli requer conhecimento sobre os sorotipos e fatores de virulência prevalentes permitindo a classificação em patogênico/não patogênico. No entanto, algumas destas bactérias não expressam o antígeno flagelar in vitro. Neste caso, o PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) e o sequenciamento do gene fliC podem ser adequados para a identificação desses antígenos, substituindo a sorologia tradicional. Nesta pesquisa foram estudadas 17 amostras de E. coli isoladas de animais e que apresentavam antígeno H não tipável (HNT). Os antígenos H foram caracterizados por PCR-RFLP e sequenciamento do gene fliC. Três novos genes da flagelina foram identificados, para os quais anti-soros específicos foram obtidos. A técnica PCR-RFLP mostrou-se mais rápida que a sorotipagem do antígeno H em E. coli, fornecendo informações sobre algumas características desses antígenos e indicou a presença de novos genes fliC.


Subject(s)
Animals , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Flagellin/isolation & purification , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Antigens , Serotyping/veterinary
3.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 15(2): 144-150, Mar.-Apr. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-582417

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli has been isolated frequently, showing flagellar antigens that are not recognized by any of the 53 antisera, provided by the most important reference center of E. coli, The International Escherichia and Klebsiella Center (WHO) of the Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark. The objective of this study was to characterize flagellar antigens of E. coli that express non-typeable H antigens. The methods used were serology, PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing. This characterization was performed by gene amplification of the fliC (flagellin protein) by polymerase chain reaction in all 53 standards E.coli strains for the H antigens and 20 E. coli strains for which the H antigen was untypeable. The amplicons were digested by restriction enzymes, and different restriction enzyme profiles were observed. Anti-sera were produced in rabbits, for the non-typeable strains, and agglutination tests were carried out. In conclusion,the results showed that although non-typeable and typable H antigens strains had similar flagellar antigens, the two types of strains were distinct in terms of nucleotide sequence, and did not phenotypically react with the standard antiserum, as expected. Thirteen strains had been characterized as likely putative new H antigen using PCR-RFLP techniques, DNA sequencing and/or serology.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rabbits , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Escherichia coli/immunology , Flagellin/immunology , Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods , Antigens, Bacterial/genetics , Escherichia coli/genetics , Flagellin/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 42(1): 58-62, Jan.-Feb. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-507366

ABSTRACT

Amostras de Escherichia coli, isoladas de pacientes do sexo feminino com quadro clínico de cistite, foram caracterizadas quanto à presença de fatores de virulência associados à formação de biofilme e ao agrupamento filogenético. Os resultados da reação em cadeia da polimerase demonstraram que todas as amostras foram positivas para o gene fimH (fímbria do tipo1), 91 amostras foram positivas para o gene fliC (flagelina) 50 amostras positivas para o gene papC (fímbria P), 44 amostras positivas para o gene kpsMTII (cápsula) e 36 amostras positivas para o gene flu (antígeno 43). Os resultados dos ensaios de quantificação da formação de biofilme demonstraram que 44 amostras formaram biofilme em microplacas de poliestireno e 56 amostras apresentaram resultado ausente/fraco. Também confirmamos a incidência das amostras de Escherichia coli no grupo filogenético B2 e D.


Escherichia coli samples isolated from female patients with cystitis were characterized with regard to the presence of virulence factors associated with biofilm formation and phylogenetic groupings. Polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated that all the samples were positive for the gene fimH (type 1 fimbriae), 91 for fliC (flagellins), 50 for papC (P fimbriae), 44 for kpsMTII (capsules) and 36 for flu (antigen 43). The results from assays to quantify the biofilm formation demonstrated that 44 samples produced biofilm on polystyrene microplates and 56 samples produced weak or no biofilm. We also confirmed that Escherichia coli samples were present in phylogenetic groups B2 and D.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Biofilms/growth & development , Cystitis/microbiology , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Virulence Factors , Escherichia coli/genetics , Genotype , Phylogeny
5.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 50(5): 255-260, Sept.-Oct. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-495758

ABSTRACT

Adhesins (P-fimbriae, S-fimbriae, type 1 fimbriae and afimbrial adhesin), toxins (α-hemolysin and cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1), iron acquisition systems (aerobactin) and host defense avoidance mechanisms (capsule or lipopolysaccharide) have been shown to be prevalent in Escherichia coli strains associated with urinary tract infections. In this work, 162 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains from patients with cystitis were genotypically characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. We developed three multiplex PCR assays for virulence-related genes papC, papE/F, papG alleles, fimH, sfa/foc, afaE, hly, cnf-1, usp, cdtB, iucD, and kpsMTII, all of them previously identified in UPEC strains. The PCR assay results identified 158 fimH (97.5 percent), 86 kpsMTII (53.1 percent), 53 papC/papEF/papG (32.7 percent), 45 sfa (27.8 percent), 42 iucD (25.9 percent), 41 hly (25.3 percent), 36 usp (22.2 percent), 30 cnf-1(18.5 percent) and 10 afa (6.2 percent) strains. No strain was positive for cdtB. In this work, we also demonstrated that adhesins may be multiple within a single strain and that several virulence genes can occur combined in association.


Adesinas (Fímbria P, fímbria S, fímbria do tipo 1 e a adesina afimbrial), toxinas (α-hemolisina e o fator necrosante citotóxico do tipo 1), sistemas de captação de ferro (aerobactina), e mecanismos de defesa do hospedeiro (cápsula ou lipopolissacarídeo) são prevalentes em amostras de Escherichia coli associadas a infecções do trato urinário. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar genotipicamente 162 amostras de Escherichia coli uropatogênica (UPEC) de pacientes com cistite através do ensaio da reação em cadeia da polimerase. Foram realizados três ensaios de PCR multiplex para os seguintes fatores de virulência: papC, papE/F, alelos de papG, fimH, sfa/foc, afaE, hly, cnf-1, usp, cdtB, iucD, e kpsMTII. Os resultados da PCR identificaram, 158 amostras fimH (97,5 por cento), 86 amostras kpsMTII (53,1 por cento), 53 amostras papC/papEF/papG (32,7 por cento), 45 amostras sfa (27,8 por cento), 42 amostras iucD (25,9 por cento), 41 amostras hly (25,3 por cento), 36 amostras usp (22,2 por cento), 30 amostras cnf-1 (18,5 por cento) e 10 amostras afa (6,2 por cento). Nenhuma amostra foi positiva para o gene cdtB. Neste trabalho, demonstramos que podemos encontrar múltiplas adesinas em uma única amostra e que diferentes genes de fatores de virulência podem ser encontrados em associação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cystitis/microbiology , Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Virulence Factors/genetics , Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Genotype , Genes, Bacterial/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Virulence
6.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 12(1): 86-88, Feb. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-484425

ABSTRACT

A total of 120 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients (n = 80) and from patients having extra-pulmonary infections (n = 40) were studied regarding the presence of some virulence factors (hemolysin, gelatinase and elastase production) and presence of the algD and algU genes as detected by polymerase chain reaction-PCR. There was not a significant difference for the production of gelatinase and hemolysin between non-mucoid strains from CF patients and other isolates from extra-pulmonary infections and mucoid strains. The production of elastase was found to be significant among these strains. The algD gene was detected by PCR in all studied strains but the algU gene was detected only in 25 percent of the mucoid strains. Conclusion withdrawn from the results were: (i) hemolysin and gelatinase production although present in many strains of P aeruginosa should not be considered as general virulence factors for the mucoid phenotype but could help in the pathogenic process; (ii) elastase production could be a necessary virulence factor for the initial pathogenesis process; (iii) mucoid and non-mucoid phenotypes could also be expressed according to the host's tissues or environment, and finally, (iv) more than one regulator system for alginate production is probably present in each strain.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology , Virulence Factors , Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis , Genes, Bacterial , Gelatinases/biosynthesis , Hemolysin Proteins/biosynthesis , Phenotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Pancreatic Elastase/biosynthesis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/pathogenicity , Sigma Factor/biosynthesis
7.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 34(3)July-Sept. 2003. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-363925

ABSTRACT

Duzentas e cinco amostras de Escherichia coli isoladas de bezerros com diarréia da região centro oeste do Brazil foram examinados quanto a presenca de fatores de virulência associados à colibacilose bovina. Cento e duas amostras (49,8 per center) de E. coli produziram toxinas: toxina de Shiga do tipo 1 (9,7 per center) e 2 (6,3 per center), a-hemolisina (9,7 per center), enterohemolisina (6,8 per center), Fatores Citotóxicos Necrotisantes tipo 1 (0,5 per center) e 2 (4,4 per center), enterotoxinas LT-II (8,3 per center), e STa (3,9 per center). Nenhuma amostra produziu enterotoxina LT-I. Adesinas fimbriais F5 e F17 foram produzidas por 7,3 per center e 4,8 per center das cepas, respectivamente, e nenhuma expressou F41. Sete das amostras (3,4 per center) apresentaram o gene eae e pertenceram aos sorotipos O26:H-; O111:H- e O118:H16. Estes resultados sugerem que bezerros no Brasil podem ser uma importante fonte de E. coli patogênica para animais e humanos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Diarrhea , Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Escherichia coli , Virulence Factors/analysis , Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary , Cytotoxins/chemistry , Diarrhea , Escherichia coli , Virulence Factors/genetics , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Bacterial Toxins/chemistry
9.
Rev. microbiol ; 20(3): 292-5, jul.-set. 1989. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-79979

ABSTRACT

Foram estudadas 86 amostras de E. coli isoladas de fezes diarréicas de bezerros, com o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência da adesina FY nestas amostras. Pelo ensaio de microhemaglutinaçäo manose-resistente com hemácias bovinas e de soroaglutinaçäo em lâmina com antissoro anti-FY, observamos que 9,3% das amostras de E. coli apresentaram a adesina FY, sendo que estas näo produziram enterotoxinas (LT e/ou STa) ou verotoxina (VT)


Subject(s)
Cattle , Animals , Bacterial Toxins , Diarrhea/veterinary , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Feces/microbiology , Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Brazil
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